In the Old Testament, the capital of Assyria and for over two hundred years a great commercial center on the eastern bank of the Tigris river. It fell at the downfall of the Assyrian empire, 606 B.C.

Sennacherib, the king of Assyria, lived in Nineveh, 2 Kgs. 19: 36. Jonah was sent to call the city to repentance, Jonah 1: 1-2 (Jonah 3: 1-4). The people of Nineveh repented, Jonah 3: 5-10. Christ used Nineveh as an example of repentance before the Jews, Matt. 12: 41.